CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 156 of 1971.
From the Judgment and Order dated 19-10-1970 of the Gujarat High Court in Special Civil Appln. No. 1177/70.
B.R.L. Iyengar, S.K. Dholakia and R.C. Bhatia, for the appellant. B.B.Ahuja, for respondent No. 1. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
UNTWALIA, J. The appellant’s writ petition filed in the High Court of Gujarat was dismissed in limine by a Bench of the High Court on October 19, 1970. The Commissioner of Income tax, Gujarat II, respondent no. 1 was the authority against whom several reliefs had been claimed in the writ petition. Subsequently were added the other members of the family of the appellant as respondents to the writ petition. The appellant obtained a certified from the High Court for appeal to this Court under sub-clause (b) of clause (1) of Article 133 of the Constitution of India as it stood before the 30th Constitution Amendment Act. Hence tills appeal to this Court.
Having heard Mr. B.R.L. Iyengar, Senior Advocate for the appellant at some length we found that the appellant was ill-advised to file the writ petition and to. pursue the matter upto this Court. The appeal being devoid of any substance must fail. We proceed to state the facts and discuss the points urged before us very briefly.
One BapalaI Purshottamdas Modi was the head of a Hindu Undivided family. The joint family possessed many immovable properties and carried on business of various types such as money-lending etc. Bapalal had five sons namely Vadilal, Ramanlal, Jayantilal, Gulabchand and Kantilal. Ramanlal died long ago in or about the year 1933. Jayantilal died in 1956. The appellant is one of the sons of Jayantilal.
The appellant’s case in the writ petition was that Bapalal was the karta of the Hindu Undivided family. He executed a general power of attorney on October 5, 1948 in favour of his third son Gulabchand to manage his (Bapalal’s) separate property. On October 22, 1954 Bapalal relinquished his right, title and interest in the joint family properties on taking a sum of Rs. 75,000/- leaving the corpus and management of the joint family properties to his four surviving sons and Rajnikant, son of late Ramanlal. These five members also executed a memo of partition on October 24, 1954 disrupting the erstwhile Hindu Undivided family and partitioning the properties. In course of the proceedings for assessment of the incometax for the assessment year 1955-56 against the Hindu Undivided family of Bapalal Purshottamlal Modi, an application under Section 25A of the Income-tax Act, 1922 was made claiming partition w.e.f. October 24, 1954. Notices of the enquiry under section 25A were served on all the members of the family. At the enquiry the statements of various persons including the appellant were recorded by the Income tax Officer. He, by his order, dated January 28, 1960 disallowed the claim under section 25A of the Income-tax Act, 1922. It is asserted that in the year 1961 a suit for partition had also been filed and the City Civil Court Ahmedabad passed a decree for partition on June 30, 1965. In an appeal filed before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner from the order of the Income-tax Officer dated January 28, 1960 reliance was placed on the Civil Court partition decree also. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner, however, dismissed the appeal by his order dated September 30, 1965. A second appeal to the Income tax Appellate Tribunal was dismissed on March 28, 1969. InCometax assessment was made against the Hindu Undivided family for the year 1955-56. Assessments were also made against the Hindu Undivided family, sometimes treating it as Association of Persons or Unregistered Partnership Firm as per returns filed from time to time, for the subsequent years upto the assessment year 1965-66. Copies of all the assessment orders were enclosed with the writ petition aS Annexure ’I’ collectively. Appeals taken to the Tribunal from some of the assessment orders were also dismissed. Notices were being issued and served under sections 22 and 23 of the Income tax Act, 1922 for the assessment years which were governed by the said Act. In respect of the assessment years 196.2-63 onwards notices were. issued and served under sections 142 and 143 of the Income tax Act, 1961. A large sum of tax and penalty became due as the demands from time to time were partly paid. The Income-tax authorities took steps for realization of the income tax dues against the appellant’s family and got attached various properties. In Civil Suit No. 806 of 1961 in which the preliminary partition decree was passed on June 30, 1965, respondent Kantilal had been appointed as a receiver Later on one Mr. Bhatt was appointed Receiver. A Savings Bank Account No. 412002 was being operated by the Receiver. The Income-tax Officer attached the entire amount of Rs. 56,294.43 in the said account by his orders dated May 12, 1970. Thereupon, the appellant filed-the writ petition challenging the various orders passed in the proceeding under section 25A of the Income tax Act, 1922; the assessments made for the years 1955-56 to 1965-66 and the attachment orders on various grounds. In a single writ petition rambling allegations were made challenging the multifarious proceedings and the orders on various ground’s and the following prayers were made:
"(a) declaring void and illegal and quashing the
proceedings of the income tax authorities making
assessments on Hindu Undivided Family, Association
of persons and unregistered partnership firm afore-
said for the years beginning from the assessment
year 1955-56 and also the proceedings for the
recovery of the taxes so assessed, and
(b) quashing the orders of the income-tax Au-
thorities refusing to record partition and direct-
ing the Respondent and his Subordinates to record
under Section 25A of the Act that the erstwhile
joint family property has been divided or parti-
tioned in definite portions, each member getting an
equal share, on October, 1954;
(c) directing the respondent and his subordi-
nates to cancel o.r withdraw the impugned orders
and all steps taken for the recovery of the amounts
so. assessed;
(d) directing the respondent and hi.s subordi-
nates not to take any further steps for the recov-
ery of the tax so assessed;
(e) quashing all the penalty orders and such
other orders passed in pursuance of the assessment
proceedings aforesaid;
(f) quashing all the orders of attachment or in the
nature
attachment passed by the Income tax Authorities in
these proceedings for the assessment year 1955-56
onwards, and
(g) to pass such other and further orders as your
Lordships deem just and expedient in the circurm-
stances of the case."
It seems to us that the High Court rightly
dismissed the appellant’s petition in limine.
Since the valuation under Article 133(1)(b) was
beyond Rs. 20,000/-, the appellant was granted a
certificate as a matter of course.
It was pointed out to. the appellant’s counsel
that so many proceedings and orders could not be
challenged in one writ petition and he was asked to
make his submissions in the appeal confining the
writ petition to one matter only. Counsel chose to
confine it to the attack on the attachment order of
the Income tax Officer in respect of the money
lying in the Savings Bank Account. While doing so,
he traversed the entire allegations in the petition
by adopting an ingenious method. Counsel submitted
that the attachment had been made for realization
of the income tax dues based upon various orders
which were void and ultra vires. All those orders
could be attacked collaterally while attacking the
attachment order.
Mr. Iyengar urged the following points in,support
of the appeal.
(1 ) That the orders of the various authorities
rejecting the claim of the partition under section
25A of the Income tax Act, 1922 were without
jurisdiction and on their face suffered from many
infirmities of law.
(2) That after Bapalal relinquished his inter-
est in the joint family properties and ceased to
be the karta, there was no karta of the family.
Gulabchand--a junior member of the family could not
act as a karta. Other members of the family did not
accept him to be the karta.
(3) That even after the death of Bapalal in the
year 1958 various notices under the Income tax Act
were issued and served in the name of Bapalal
Purshottamdas Modi--a dead person--and hence the
entire proceedings and assessment orders were
nullities.
(4) That the appellant had no opportunity of
taking any part in the income tax proceedings and
his property cannot be made liable for realization
of the dues determined in such proceedings.
None of the points urged on behalf of the
appellant merits any detailed discussion. We were
taken through the power of attorney executed by
Bapalal in favour of Gulabchand, the deed of relin-
quishment executed by him on October 22, 1954 and
the alleged memorandum of partition of October 24,
1954; the orders of the Income tax officer, the
Appellate Commissioner and the Tribunal in the
proceedings under section 25A of the Income tax
Act, 1922. In our opinion. the orders do not
suffer from any infirmity of law or any such defect
which will make them void. Notice of the enquiry
had been given to all the members as admitted by
the appellant himself. He had been examined in the
proceedings. Sub-section (3) of Section 25A pro-
vides. that where an order accepting partition had
not been passed in respect of a Hindu family as-
sessed as undivided such family shall be deemed for
the purposes of the Act to continue to be Hindu
undivide family. A partition preliminary decree
came much later. The income tax authorities had
their own view to take. They were not bound by the
decree. No reference was taken under the income tax
Act challenging the order of the Tribunal dismiss-
ing the appeal.
It was clear from some of the assessment orders
that Gulabchand was acting as a karta even during
the life time of Bapalal as he had retired to live
in Brindaban. At the relevant time no body disput-
ed his authority to act as karta. His eldest
brother Vadilal was an old man of about 70 years of
age. His eider brother Jayantilal--father of the
appellant died in the year 1956. In these circum-
stances he appears to have acted as the karta with
consent of all the other members. A junior member
of the family could do so. See Mulla’s Hindu Law
296, fourteenth edn. Where occurs the following
passage:
"So long as the members of a family remain
undivided, the senior member of the family is
entitled to manage the family properties," includ-
ing even charitable properties (q); and is presumed
to be the manager until the contrary is shown(r).
But the senior member may give up his right of
management, and a junior member may be appointed
manager(s) ."
Notices were being issued in the name of the family which was carrying on the business in the assumed name of Bapalal Purshottamdas Modi. They were neither issued to nor served on Bapajal the dead person. In response to the notices returns were being filed by the managing member of the family. At no stage before the income tax authorities a contention was raised that the notice was served on a dead person. There is no substance in the third point. Coming to the fourth and the last point urged on behalf of the appellant we find that the appellant is bound by the assessment made in respect of the income of his family which continued in the eye of law to be joint. The share of the appellant’s properties received by him from the joint family or the income thereof is liable for the income tax dues in question. The appellant, as we have said above, was ill-advised to file a misconceived petition on wholly untenable grounds.
In the result the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs to respondent no. 1. S.R. Appeal dismissed.