Leave granted.
Is the hypothetical claim of the appellant for medical reimbursement valid in the facts and circumstances of thiscase is the straight question which falls for determination in this appeal.
The appellant, Surjit Singh (now retired) while postedas a Deputy Superintendent Police, Anandpur Sahib, Distt. Roper, Punjab, developed a heart-condition on 22-121987 and that very day went on a short leave extending it uptill 10-1-1988, on medical grounds. It remains unclarified on the record of this case as to what steps the appellant took thereafter to meet his ailment. However, six months later he obtained leave from his superiors from 15-6-1988 to 8-9-1988 and went to England to visit his son. It is the case of the appellant that while in England, he fell ill due to his heart problem and as an emergency case, was admitted in Dudley Road, Hospital Brimingham. After diagnosis he was suggested treatment at a named alternate place. Thus to save himself the appellant, got himself admitted and operated upon in Humana Hospital, Wellington, London for aBye-Pass Surgery. He claims to have been hospitalised from 25-7-88 to 4-8-88. A sum of Rs.3 lacs allegedly was spent on his treatment at London, borne by his son.
On return to India, the appellant on 6-11-1988 submitted a Bill for medical reimbursement claiming that very sum, in the office of the Senior Superintendent of Police, Ropar which was forwarded to the Director General of Police, Punjab, Chandigarh and the Home Department of the State of Punjab. Some correspondence took place between the appellant and the department. As per office requirements some more certificates were sent by the appellant in support of his case. Vide letter dated 21-1-93, the Department however expressed its inability to sanction the bill for medical reimbursement. This led to the appellant moving the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in writ jurisdiction. As required by the High Court, the State responded by filing its counter affidavit. At the time of hearing the Assistant Advocate General for the State of Punjab made a statement to the effect that the State was ready to pay to the appellent the expenses incurred for Byepass Surgery and Angiography on the rates prevalent in theAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (for short ’AIIMS’). Applying that yardstick, as suggested, a sum of Rs.30,000/- on account of Bye-Pass Surgery and a sum of Rs.10,000/- for Angiography was thus ordered by the High Court to be paid to the appellant within six weeks. The writ petition on 18-4-1995 was disposed of on such terms. The said sum, as claimed by the State stands paid to the appellant.
The appellant challenging the orders of the High Court disposing of the writ petition in such manner now pitches before us his claim to payment on the basis of rates prevalent in the Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre (for short Escorts’), reducing his high claim to the expenses incurred for medical treatment in London. There is an inkling to that effect in the appellant’s rejoinder affidavit in the High Court but it appears that this aspect of the matter was not dilated upon. The claim for such adoption of rates is now made in reiteration.
The parties counsel agree that there is a policy regarding reimbursement of medical expenses framed by the State on 25-1-1991, which has duly been circulated in all the wings/offices of the State. It’s operative portion, so far relevant, is reproduced below :
"Subject : Re-imbursement of
medical expenses - policy
regarding
Sir/Madam,
In supersession of Punjab Gover
nment letter No.7/7/85- 3HBV/13855
dated 27-5-1987, the resident of
India is placed to lay down the
following policy for reimbursement
of medical expenses incurred on
medical treatment taken abroad and
in hospitals other than the
hospitals of the Govt. of Punjab
(Both outside and in the State of :
Punjab):
i) All categories of employees
whether retired or serving of All
India Service/State Govt. Judges of
Punjab and Haryana High
Court/M.L.As/Ex M.L. As will be
governed by this policy.
ii) The person who is in need of
medical treatment outside India or
in any hospital other than the
Govt. of Punjab (both outside and
in the State of Punjab) as the case
may be may make an application for
getting treatment in these
hospitals directly to the Director
Health and Family welfare 2 months
advance, duly recommended by the
C.M.O./Medical Supdt. indicating
that the treatment for the disease
mentioned is not available in the
Hospital of the Govt. of Punjab. In
case of emergency duly
authenticated by C.M.O./Medical
Supdt. the application can be made
15 days in advance.
iii) Director, Health and Family
Welfare, Punjab will place the
application of the concerned
employee before the Medical Board
within 15 days on the receipt of
application. In case of emergency,
if immediate meeting of Medical
Board, cannot be convened, such
application may be circulated to
all the members of the Medical
Board and decision taken thereof.
iv) The Medical Board shall consist
of the following officers:
i) Director, Health and Family
Welfare, Punjab - Chairman
ii Director, Education, Punjab
Research and Medical - Member
iii) Specialist of the desired line
of treatment from PG1 Chandigarh or
AIIMS, New Delhi - Member
iv) Senior most specialist from
Medical Colleges, Patiala, Amritsar
and Faridkot - Member
v) Dy. Director/Asstt. Director,
I/c of P.M.H. Branches office of
the Director Health and Family
Welfare - Member Secy"
vi) xxxx
vii) xxxx
viii) xxxx
ix) xxxx
xi) xxxx
xi) xxxx
xii) The Health Deptt. in
consultation with Director Research
& Medical Education will prepare a
list of diseases for which
specialised treatment is not
available in Punjab Govt. Hospitals
and indicate the
Institutions/Hospitals/Clinics of
repute where necessary treatment is
available. This list will, however,
be subject to variation in future. On 8-10-1991, the above policy has further been explained in so far as the choice of the hospitals is concerned:
"Policy for reimbursement of
medical expenses incurred on
medical treatment taken abroad and
in hospitals other than those of
the Government of Punjab, both
within and outside he State was
laid down. However, as per the 12th
item of hese instructions, a list
of those diseases for which
specialised treatment was not
available in the Government
hospitals was to be prepared in
addition to identifying medical
institutions/hospitals/clinics of
repute where such specialised
treatment was available.
The Government has now prepared
a list of those diseases for which
the specialised treatment is not
available in Punjab Government
hospitals but is available in
certain identified private
hospitals, both within and outside
the State. It has, therefore, been
decided to recognise these
hospitals for the treatment of the
disease mentioned against them in
the enclosed list for Punjab
Government employees/pensioners and
their dependents. The terms and
conditions contained in letter
under reference will remain
applicable, Government can,
however, revise the list, in
future.
Therefore it has been decided to
recognise those hospitals for the
treatment of diseases mentioned
against them in the enclosed list
issued with the concurrence of the
Finance Department dated 11-9-1991
which is as under:
Open Heart Surgery: Escorts Heart
Institute, New Delhi; Christian
Medical Colloge, Ludhiana; Appollo
Hospital, Madras. The purport of the above policy is that the Escorts stands duly recognised by the State for treatment of its employees for open heart surgery, apart from the other two institutions i.e. Christian Medical College, Ludhiana and Appollo Hospital, Madras. The Finance Deptt’s concurrence signifies its willingness to entertainment reimbursement bills in variables depending on where treatment is received.
There has been a factual dispute as to whether the appellant went to the Dudley Road Hospital, Brimingham as an emergency case and whether he was operated upon in Humana Hospital, Wellington, London in that condition. Except for the bare word of the appellant, no documentary evidence in support or such plea had been tendered by him before the High Court, or even before us to show that his was a case of emergency requiring instant operation and treatment. The State of Punjab on the other hand has countered before the High Court, as also here, that the case of the appellant was not that of an emergency but a planned visit to England to have himself medically treated under the care of his son, without submitting himself as per policy, for examination before the Medical Board. This plea of the appellant may have been required to be examined in thorough detail had he stuck to his original claim for medical expenses incurred in England. Since he has now brought down his claim to the rates prevalent in the Escorts in place of that of AIIMS, further reference to emergency treatment etc. would not be necessary. It would hypothetically have to be assumed that the appellant was in India, had not subjected himself to Medical Board examination, and had gone on his own to the Escorts and got himself operated upon for Bye-Pass Surgery. The point to be considered is whether his claim is admissible under the policy keeping in view the string of judgments of the High Court in that regard, as well as on the factum that the Stats has already conceded reimbursement to the appellant on hypothetical basis as if treated in AIIMS.
The policy, providing recognition for treatment of open heart surgery in the Escorts, specifically came to be examined by a division bench of the Punjab and Haryana High Court at Chandigarh in C.W.P. No.13493 of 1992 titled as Sadhu R. Pall vs. State of Puniab throuqh Secretary Health and Family Welfare Punjab, Civil Secretariat. Chandigarh and others decided on 6-10-1993, wherein the claim of the then writ petitioner to medical reimbursement was accepted when in order to save his life he had got himself operated upon in the Escorts, and the plea of the State that he could be paid rates as prevalent in the AIIMS was rejected. Special Leave Petition No.22024 of 1995 against the said decision was dismissed by this Court on 2-2-1994, The other judgments of the High Court following the decision in Sadhu R. Pall’s case are : (1) C.W.P. No.18562 of 1992 decided on 10-5-95 titled K.L.Kohil vs. State of Punjab and others (DB) : (2) C.W.P. No.260 ot 1995, decided on 30-5-1995 titled avi Mohan Duggai vs. State of Punjab and Others (DB); (3) C.W.P. No.5669 of 1994 decided on 4-9-94 titled Prem Singh Gill vs. State of Punjab and Others; (4) 1995 (III) Punjab Law Reporter 529 titled Tarlok (Chander vs. The State of Punjab etc. (SB); and (5) 1995 (III), Punjab Law Reporter 682 titled Mrs. Surya Pandit vs. State of Punjab and others (SB)
All the aforementioned judgments or the High Court have a common factual basis, i.e. each recipient of the relief from the High Court had in fact been treated in the Escorts and had borne expenses. The other common factor is that the High Court believed each writ petitioner pleating emergency to go to Escorts in the given fact situation. But this factor by itself is not the core of the views of the High Court. Hypotheticallys the appellant says, he too may be considered to have been treated in the Escorts, more so, when he is being treated to have been operated upon in AIIMS without actually having been so and had a choice to go either to the AIIMS or Escorts or Christian Medical College, Ludhiana or Appollo Hospita, Madras. The appellant in these circumstances cannot be said to be far too wrong in choosing the Escorts amongst the three recognised hospitals for open heart surgery available in the North, the AIIMS being governmental and the other two being private hospitals. The division bench in Sadhu R. Pall’s case observed as follows :
"The respondents appear to have
patently used excuses in refusing
full reimbursement, when the
factum of treatment and the urgency
for the same has been accepted by
the respondents by reimbursing the
petitioner the expenses incurred by
him, which he would have incurred
in the AIIMS New Delhi. We cannot
loose sight of factual situation in
the AIIMS New Delhi, i.e. with
respect to the number of patients
received there for heart problems.
In such an urgency one cannot sit
at home and think in a cool and
calm atmosphere for getting medical
treatment at a particular hospital
or wait for admission in some
Government medical institute. In
such a situation, decision has to
be taken forthwith by the person or
his attendants if precious life has
to be saved." We share the views afore-expressed.
It is otherwise important to bear in mind that self preservation of one’s life is the necessary concomitant of the right to life ensbrined in Article 21 of the constitution of India, fundamental in nature, sacred, precious and inviolable. The importance and validity of the duty and right to self-preservation has a species in the right of self defence in criminal law. Centuries ago thinkers of this Great Land conceived of such right and recognised it. Attention can usefully be drawn to versus 17 18, 20, and 22 in Chapter 16 of the Garuda Purana (A Dialogue suggested between the Divine and Garuda, the bird) in the words of the Divine: -Vinaa dehena kasyaapi Without the body how can onecanpurushaartho na obtain the objects of human vidyate Tasmaaddeham life? Therefore protecting thedhanam rakshetpunyakar- body which is the wealth, one maani saadhayet should perform the deeds of
merit. -Rakshayetsarvadaatmaanamaatmaa One should protect his body sarvasya bhaajanam Rakshane which is responsible for yatnamaatishthejje everything. He who protects vanbhaadraani pashyati himself by all efforts, will
see many auspicious
occasions in life. -Sharirarakshanopaayaah The wise always undertake Kriyante sarvadaa the protective measures budhaih Necchanti cha for the body. Even the punastyaagamapi persons suffering from kushthaadiroginah leprosy and other
diseases do not wish to
get rid of the body -Aatmaiva yadi naatmaanama If one does not prevent what hitebhyo nivaarayet is unpleasent to himself, Konsyo hitakarastasmaa- who else will do it? daatmaanam taarayishyati Therefore one should do what
is good to himself.
The appellant therefore had the right to take steps in self preservation, He did not have to stand in queue before the Medical Board the manning and assembling of which, barefacedly, makes its meetings difficult to happen. The appellant also did not have to stand in queue in the government hospital of AIIMS and could go elsewhere to an alternate hospital as per policy. When the State itself has brought the Escorts on the recognised list, it is futile for it to contend that the appellant could in no event have gone to the Escorts and his claim cannot on that basis be allowed, on suppositions. We think to the contrary. In the facts and circumstances, had the appellant remained in India, he could have gone to the Escorts like many others did, to save his life. But instead he has done that in London incurring considerable expense. The doctors causing his operation there are presumed to have done so as one essential and timely. On that hypothesis, it is fair and just that the respondents pay to the appellantt the rates admissible as per Escorts. The claim of the appellant having been found valid, the question posed at the outset 15 answered in the affirmative. Of course the sum of Rs.40,000/- already paid to the appellant would have to be adjusted in computation. Since the appellant did not have his claim dealt with in the High Court in the manner it has been projected now in this Court, we do not grant him any interest for the intervening period, even though prayed for. Let the difference be paid to the appellant within two months positively. The appeal is accordingly allowed. There need be no order as to costs.