O R D E R
Leave granted. We have heard counsel for both sides.
This appeal by special leave is arises from the judgment of the Kerala High Court, made on November 14, 1996 in A.S. No.394 of 1996.
The admitted facts are that the appellant laid a suit to enforce the Bank Guarantee against the respondent pursuant to the Agreement dated April 23, 1991 entered into between the appellant, M/s. Fenner (India) Lid., 3 Madurai Melakkal Road, Madurai and M/s. Vijay Exports, 23/393, Panampally Nagar, Kochi under which the appellant had agreed thus: "In order to finance purchase of raw nuts and processing for exports, the Processor requires financial support and the Exporter has agreed to advance upto Rs.30,00,000/- (Rupees thirty lakhs only) as Purchase advance to be secured by a Bank Guarantee." The Guarantee executed on April 24, 1991 by the respondent Punjab and Sind Bank, the Guarantor in favour of M/s Fenner (India), the Purchaser, covenanted that the Purchaser shall repay the amount advanced and in case of default, apart from invoking the arbitration clause, the Bank would be entitled to enforce the Bank Guarantee for recovery thereof. It is not disputed that the Purchaser had advanced upto a sum of Rs. 20,00,000/- (Rupees twenty lakhs only) under the aforesaid agreement. Since M/s. Vijay Exports, Kochi committed breach in payment thereof, the appellant invoked the Bank Guarantee against the respondent-Bank for a sum of Rs.39,28,408/inclusive of all items mentioned in the suit. The trial Court decreed the suit and in appeal the High Court reversed it holding that since the appellant had failed to advance the agreed amount of Rs. 30,00,000/- for utilisation of procuring processing cashew nuts, it was entitled to invoke the bank Guarantee.
The question, therefore, is : whether the appellant is entitled to invoke the Bank Guarantee for the amount agreed to be indemnified by M/s. Vijay Exports. The Bank Guarantee reads as under:
"And whereas it has been agreed
under the terms and conditions of
the aforesaid agreement that the
Purchaser shall make an advance to
the Seller of Rs.30.00,000/-
(Rupees Thirty Lakhs only) for
utilizing it for
procuring/processing cashew nuts to
be supplied under the said
agreement on his furnishing a
Guarantee from a Bank acceptable to
the Purchaser.
And whereas the Guarantor has as
per terms and conditions of the
aforesaid agreement agreed to stand
guarantee for the amount of advance
payment in favour of the seller,
now this deed witnesses that in
pursuance of the terms and
conditions of the aforesaid
agreement and in consideration of
the advance payment agreed to be
made to the seller by the
Purchaser, the Guarantor do hereby
agree and undertake to indemnify
the purchaser to keep the Purchaser
to indemnified to the extent of a
sum not indemnified to the extent
of a sum not exceeding the said sum
of Rs. 30,00,000/- (Rupees Thirty
Lakhs only) against any damage or
loss that may be suffered by the
purchaser by reason of non-
fulfilment of any of the terms and
conditions of the agreement, by the
seller and the Guarantor hereby
undertake to pay on demand and
without any demur or delay to the
purchaser any sum unconditionally
irrevocably not exceeding the sum
of Rs.30,00,000/- (Rupees Thirty
Lakhs only) as may be ascertained
by the Purchaser as the damages or
loss that the Purchaser may have
suffered, provided that the
Guarantee comes into force when the
advance payment has been made to
the account of the seller and the
Guarantor hereby convents with the
Purchaser as follows."
A reading of it would clearly indicate that the appellant had agreed to advance upto a sum of Rs.30,00,000/[Rupees thirty lakhs only to the Seller, M/s Vijay Exporter of utilising it for procuring cashew nuts to be supplied under the said agreement on their furnishing a the Bank Guarantee, in terms of the agreement between the Purchaser and Exporter referred to herein. In other words, the undertaking given by the appellant was to advance a sum upto Rs. 30,00,000/- to the Purchaser and in case of breach of repayment thereof by the Seller of Purchaser, as the case may be under the Agreement the appellant is entitled to invoke the Bank Guarantee. Shri Vishwantha Iyer the learned senior counsel for respondent contends that since the appellant did not advance a sum of Rs. 30,00,000/- being the amount agreed to be paid , the appellant is not entitled to invoke the Bank Guarantee. We find no force in the contention. In view of the expression "upto thirty lakhs", whatever amount is advanced and if it is not repaid, on committing breach thereof, the appellant is entitled to avail of and enforce the Bank Guarantee to the extent of amount advanced. Thereby, a sum of Rs.20,00,000/- (Rupees twenty lakhs only), admittedly, was advanced. The appellant is entitled to recover the same by invoking the Bank Guarantee with interest from the date of the suit. Shri Vishwanatha Iyer further contends that the Seller was not made a party to the suit and therefore, the suit is bad for non-joinder of Seller as he is a necessary and proper party. We find no force in the contention. Admittedly, issues of non-joinder was tried as the preliminary issues and was negatived. On revision, the High Court has confirmed the same. Section 11 of the CPC envisaging the principle of res judicata stands in the way of the respondent.
The appeal is accordingly allowed. No costs.