Delay condoned.
Leave granted in the Special Leave Petitions.
These appeals have been filed from the judgment of different Benches of the Central Administrative Tribunal. The employees who are before us belong to the Departments of Posts and Telegraph and Telecommunications. They can be broadly classified into two categories: those who belong to the Accounts stream and those who belong to the Engineering stream. In the Accounts stream we are concerned with two posts, the posts of Assistant Accounts Officer and the next promotional post of Accounts Officer. In the Engineering stream, there are employees belonging to the Telegraph Traffic Services and employees belonging to Posts & Telegraph Electrical wing Service. In the Telegraph Traffic Service, we are concerned with the posts of Junior Engineer and the next promotional post of Assistant Engineer. In the stream of Telegraph Traffic Service we are concerned with the posts of Assistant Superintendent, Telegraph Traffic subsequently re-designated as Junior Telecom Officer and the next promotional post of Superintendent, Telegraph Traffic now designated as Sub-Divisional Engineer. In the Posts & Telegraph Electric wing we are concerned with the post of Junior Engineer and the next promotional post of Assistant Engineer. In C.A. No.8730/96 the respondent was a junior Stenographer in the National Aerospace Laboratories, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. In the question raised is the same: of Pay fixation on promotion.
All these appeals and special leave petitions raise a common question relating to interpretation of certain Fundamental Rules which govern the services of all these employees, and certain Government Orders issued in this behalf. The promotees who are respondents in these appeals claim that they are getting in the promotional subsequently promoted to the same post. This is an anomaly which should be removed by stepping their pay to the same level as their junior from the date he was promoted.
For the sake of convenience we are referring to the facts in Civil Appeal No.8658 of 1996. The respondent, R. Swaminathan, at the material time, was an Accounts Officer with the Madras Telephones. Prior to his promotion as Accounts Officer he held the post of Accounts Officer on 18.2.1988 his pay junior to the respondent, was also subsequently promoted to the post of Account Officer. His pay, however, was fixed at Rs.3125/-. The respondent thereupon filed O.A.No.1324 of 1993 before the Central Administrative Tribunal, Madras Bench clamming that his pay should be stepped up to equal that of his junior J.N. Misra from the date on which the anomaly arose and that he should be paid all arrears arising on account of such refixation. The Tribunal by its Judgment dated 9.2.1994 allowed the respondent’s application on the basis of its earlier decision which is also the subject matter of appeal before us.
Fixation of pay on promotion to a higher post is governed by Fundamental Rule 22(I)(a)(1) which was formerly Fundamental Rule 22-C. it is as follows:
"F.R.22(I): The initial pay of a
Government servant who is appointed
to a post on a time-scale of pay is
regulated as follows :-
(a)(1) Where a Government
servant holding a post, other than
a tenure post, in a substantive or
temporary or officiating capacity
is promoted or appointed in a
substantive, temporary of
officiating capacity, as the case
may be, subject to the fulfilment
of the eligibility conditions as
prescribed in the relevant
Recruitment Rules, to another post
carrying duties and
responsibilities of greater
importance than those attaching to
the post held by him his initial
pay in the time-scale of the higher
post shall be fixed at the stage
next above the notional pay arrived
at the increasing his pay in
respect of the lower post held by
him regularly by an increment at
the stage at which such pay has
accrued or rupees twenty-five only,
whichever is more."
The proviso to Fundamental Rule 22 is as follows;
"Provided that, both in cases
covered by Clause (a) and in
cases....... covered by Clause (b),
if he--
(1) has previously held
substantively or officiated in
(i) the same post,
then the initial pay shall
not, except in cases of reversion
to parent cadre governed by proviso
(1) (iii), be less than the pay,
other than special pay, personal
pay or any other emoluments which
may be classed as pay by the
President under Rule 9(21) (a)
(iii) which he drew on the last
occasion, and he shall count the
period during which he drew that
pay on a regular basis on such last
and any previous occasions for
increment in the stage of the time-
scale equivalent to that pay.
For the fixation on pay on promotion, therefore, one has to first look at the pay being drawn by the promotee in the lower post. This pay in the lower post must be increased by one increment in that pay-scale. His initial pay in the time-scale of the higher post is fixed at the stage next above the notional pay arrived at in the lower post.
The fixation of this pay in the higher post is, however, subject to the proviso. If the person so promoted has earlier officiated in that higher post or substantively held that higher post for short or long duration, then (1) his initial pay which is fixed under Rule 22(I)(a)(1) shall not be less than the last pay which he drew when he last held the higher post. (2) The period during which he drew that pay on such last and any previous occasions shall count for increments in the time-scale of the pay for the higher post. For example, if the promotee had previously, on various occasion, officiated in that higher post for different periods, and if the sum total of periods for which he so officiated is more than 12 months, he would be entitled to an increment, in that higher pay-scale. His initial pay, therefore, on his regular promotion will fixed taking into account not merely his entitlement on the basis of his notional pay in the pay-scale of the lower post, but also taking into account the last pay drawn by him while he was officiating in the higher post and also counting the previous periods during which he so officiated for his increment in the higher pay scale. The Department has also, in this connection, drawn our attention to Fundamental Rule 26 which, inter alia, provides as follows:
"F.R 26(a): All duty in a post
on a time-scale counts for
increments in that time-scale:
Provided that, for the purpose
of arriving at the data of the next
increment in that time-scale, the
total of all such periods as do not
count for increment in that time-
scale, shall be added to the normal
date of increment."
We are, however, in the present case, concerned basically with Fundamental Rule 22(I) (a) (1) and the proviso to Fundamental Rule 22 because, in all these appeals, the junior employees who have got higher pay on promotion the their seniors, had officiated in the promotional post for different periods on account of local ad hoc promotions granted to them. This is because the Department of Telecommunications is divided into a number of Circles within the country. The regular higher posts are on the basis of all India seniority. The Heads of Circles have, however, been delegated powers for making local officiating arrangements based on Circles seniority to the higher posts in question against short-term vacancies upto 120 days in the event of the regular panelled officers not being available in that Circle. This period of 120 days was subsequently revised to 180 days. Under this provision for local officiation, the senior-most official in the Circle is allowed to hold the Charges of the Higher post for a limited duration. This is purely out of administrative considerations and is resorted to in order to tide over the exigencies of work. The practice, we are informed, has been followed in all Circles in the Department of Telecommunications since 1970. This is because, at times it is not possible to fill up all the vacancies in a particular Circle for various reasons such as non-joining by a particular person, chain promotions or short-term vacancies arising on account of leave etc. It is submitted before us by the Department that it is not always possible to convene the meetings of the departmental promotion committee for filling up all the posts which are only available for short periods on all India basis because of administrative problems. To fill up this gap, Government has issued instructions from time to time to allow local officiating arrangements in the interest of work. The department has also pointed out that all the aggrieved employees in these appeals have availed of such officiating promotions as and when such occasion arose in their Circle and they were eligible. The juniors, therefore, in each of these cases who have received a higher pay on their regular promotion than the seniors, have received this higher pay on account of the application of the proviso to Fundamental Rule 22.
According to the aggrieved employees, this has resulted in an anomaly. Government Order bearing No. F.2 (78)E. III (A)/66 dated 4th of February, 1996, has been issued for removal of anomaly by stepping up of pay of senior on promotion drawing less pay that his junior. It provides as follows:
"(10) Removal of anomaly by
stepping up of pay of Senior on
Promotion drawing less pay than his
junior.--(a) As a result of
application of F.R. 22-C. -- In
order to remove the anomaly of a
Government servant promoted or
appointed to a higher post on or
after in that post than another
Government servant junior to him in
the lower grade and promoted or
appointed in the lower grade and
promoted or appointed subsequently
to another identical post, it has
been of the decided that such cases
the pay of the senior officer in
the higher post should be stepped
upto a figure equal to the pay as
fixed for the junior officer in
that higher post. The stepping up
should be done with effect from the
date of promotion or appointment of
the junior officer and will be
subject to the following
conditions. namely:-
(a) Both the junior and
senior officers should
belong to the same cadre
and the posts in which
they have been promoted
or appointed should be
identical and in the same
cadre:
(b) The scale of pay of the
lower and higher posts in
which they are entitled
to draw pay should be
identical:
(c) the anomaly should be
directly as a result of
the application of F.R.
22-C. For example, if
even in the lower post
the junior officer draws
from time to time a
higher rate of pay than
the senior by virtue of
grant of advance
increments, the above
provisions will not be
invoked to step up the
pay of the senior
officer.
The orders refixing the pay of
the senior officers in accordance
with the above provisions shall be
issued under F.R.27. the next
increment of the senior officer
will be drawn on completion of the
requisite qualifying service with
effect from the date of refixation
of pay.:
As the order itself states, the stepping up is subject to three conditions: (1) Both the junior and the senior officers should belong to the same cadre and the posts in which they have been promoted should be identical and in the same cadre; (2) the scales of pay of the lower and higher posts should be identical and ; (3) anomaly should be directly as a result of the application of Fundamental Rule 22-c which is now Fundamental Rule 22(I) (a) (1). We are concerned with the last condition. The difference in the pay of a junior and a senior in the cases before us is not a result of the application of Fundamental Rule 22(1) (a) (1). The higher pay received by a junior is on account of his earlier officiation in the higher post because of local officiating promotions which he got in the post. Because of the proviso to Rule 22 he may have earned increments in the higher pay-scale of the post to which he is promoted on account of his past service and also, his previous pay in the promotional post has been taken into account in fixing his pay on promotion. it is these two factors which have increased the pay of the juniors. This cannot be considered as an anomaly requiring the stepping of the pay of the seniors.
The Officer Memorandum dated 4.11.1993, Government of India, Department of Personnel & Training, has set out the various instances where stepping of pay cannot be done. It gives, inter alia, the following instances which have come to the notice of the department with a request for stepping up of pay. There are:
"(a) Where a senior proceeds on
Extra Ordinary Leave which
results in postponement of
Date of Next Increment in the
lower post, consequently he
starts drawing less pay than
his junior in the lower grade
itself. He, therefore, cannot
claim pay parity on promotion
even though he may be promoted
earlier to the higher grade:
(b) If a senior foregoes/refuses
promotion leading to his
junior being
promoted/appointed to the
higher post earlier, junior
draws higher pay than the
senior. The senior may be on
deputation while junior avails
of the ad hoc promotion in the
cadre. The increased pay drawn
by a junior either due to ad
hoc officiation/regular
service rendered in the higher
posts for periods earlier than
the senior, cannot, therefore,
be an anomaly in strict sense
of the term.
(c) If a senior joins the higher
post later than the junior for
whatsoever reasons, whereby he
draws less pay than the
junior, in such cases senior
cannot claim stepping up of
pay at par with the junior."
There are also other instances cited in the Memorandum. The Memorandum makes it clear that in such instance a junior drawing more pay than his senior will not constitute an anomaly and, therefore, stepping up of pay will not be admissible. The increased pay drawn by a junior because of ad hoc officiating or regular service rendered by him in the higher post for periods earlier than the senior is not anomaly because pay does not depend on seniority alone is seniority alone a criterion for stepping up of pay.
The aggrieved employees have contended with some justification that local officiating promotions within a Circle have resulted in their being deprived of a chance to officiate in the higher post. If such chance of officiation arises in a different Circle. They have submitted that since there is an All India seniority for regular promotion. this All Indian seniority must prevail even while making local officiating appointments within any Circle. The question is basically of administrative exigency and the difficulty that the administration may face if even short-term vacancies have to be filled on the basis of All India seniority by calling a person who may be stationed in a different Circle in a region remote from the region where the vacancy arises, and that too for a short duration. This is essentially a matter of administrative policy. But the only justification for local promotions is their short duration. If such vacancy is of a long duration there is no administrative reason for not following the all India seniority. Most of the grievances of the employees will be met if proper norms are laid down for making local officiating promotions. One thing, however, is clear, Neither the seniority nor the regular promotion of these employees is affected by such officiating local arrangement. The employees who have not officiated in the higher post earlier, however, will not get the benefit of the Proviso to Fundamental Rule 22.
The employees in question are, therefore, not entitled to have their pay stepped up under the said Government Order because the difference in the pay drawn by them and the higher pay drawn by their juniors is not as a result of any anomaly: nor is it a result of the application of Fundamental Rule 22(I)(a)(1).
The appeals are, therefore, allowed and the impugned orders of different Benches of the Central Administrative Tribunal which have held to the contrary are set aside. There will, however, be no order as to costs.