1. Name and territory of the Union.361 2. Admission or establishment of new States.183 2A. [Sikkim to be associated with the Union.].2rep 3. Formation of new States and alteration of …310 4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provid…155 5. Citizenship at the commencement of the Con…174 6. Rights of citizenship of certain persons w…120 7. Rights of citizenship of certain migrants …131 8. Rights of citizenship of certain persons o…133 9. Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship …100 10. Continuance of the rights of citizenship.121 11. Parliament to regulate the right of citize…133 12. Definition.611 13. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of…451 14. Equality before law.4042 15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds o…414 16. Equality of opportunity in matters of publ…707 17. Abolition of Untouchability.131 18. Abolition of titles.62 19. Protection of certain rights regarding fre…1563 20. Protection in respect of conviction for of…406 21. Protection of life and personal liberty.1477 21A. Right to education.52 22. Protection against arrest and detention in…434 23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and…103 24. Prohibition of employment of children in f…47 25. Freedom of conscience and free profession,…218 26. Freedom to manage religious affairs.124 27. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promoti…38 28. Freedom as to attendance at religious inst…51 29. Protection of interests of minorities.134 30. Right of minorities to establish and admin…169 31. Compulsory acquisition of property [Omitte…542rep 31A. Saving of laws providing for acquisition o…136 31B. Validation of certain Acts and Regulations…67 31C. Saving of laws giving effect to certain di…49 32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferr…2881 33. Power of Parliament to modify the rights c…71 34. Restriction on rights conferred by this Pa…37 35. Legislation to give effect to the provisio…39 36. Definition.31 37. Application of the principles contained in…83 38. State to secure a social order for the pro…201 39. Certain principles of policy to be followe…384 39A. Equal justice and free legal aid.48 40. Organisation of village panchayats.26 41. Right to work, to education and to public …117 42. Provision for just and humane conditions o…33 43. Living wage, etc., for workers.62 43A. Participation of workers in management of …11 43B. Promotion of co-operative societies.4 44. Uniform civil code for the citizens.24 45. Provision for early childhood care and edu…56 46. Promotion of educational and economic inte…106 47. Duty of the State to raise the level of nu…135 48. Organisation of agriculture and animal hus…66 48A. Protection and improvement of environment …46 49. Protection of monuments and places and obj…22 50. Separation of judiciary from executive.36 51. Promotion of international peace and secur…109 51A. Fundamental duties.107 52. The President of India.24 53. Executive power of the Union.48 54. Election of President.91 55. Manner of election of President.36 56. Term of office of President.24 57. Eligibility for re-election.10 58. Qualifications for election as President.77 59. Conditions of President's office.43 60. Oath or affirmation by the President.26 61. Procedure for impeachment of the President…35 62. Time of holding election to fill vacancy i…30 63. The Vice-President of India.16 64. The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairm…43 65. The Vice-President to act as President or …91 66. Election of Vice-President.24 67. Term of office of Vice-President.19 68. Time of holding election to fill vacancy i…4 69. Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President.11 70. Discharge of President's functions in othe…5 71. Matters relating to, or connected with, th…25 72. Power of President to grant pardons, etc.,…112 73. Extent of executive power of the Union.114 74. Council of Ministers to aid and advise Pre…66 75. Other provisions as to Ministers.50 76. Attorney-General for India.11 77. Conduct of business of the Government of I…89 78. Duties of Prime Minister as respects the f…14 79. Constitution of Parliament.23 80. Composition of the Council of States.28 81. Composition of the House of the People.22 82. Readjustment after each census.16 83. Duration of Houses of Parliament.22 84. Qualification for membership of Parliament…37 85. Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and di…26 86. Right of President to address and send mes…4 87. Special address by the President.7 88. Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General a…8 89. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Co…10 90. Vacation and resignation of, and removal f…10 91. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other pers…17 92. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to…4 93. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Hous…6 94. Vacation and resignation of, and removal f…12 95. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other perso…10 96. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to p…13 97. Salaries and allowances of the Chairman an…14 98. Secretariat of Parliament.10 99. Oath or affirmation by members.13 100. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act n…14 101. Vacation of seats.25 102. Disqualifications for membership.83 103. Decision on questions as to disqualificati…32 104. Penalty for sitting and voting before maki…13 105. Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of…44 106. Salaries and allowances of members.12 107. Provisions as to introduction and passing …23 108. Joint sitting of both Houses in certain ca…10 109. Special procedure in respect of Money Bill…29 110. Definition of “Money Bills”.33 111. Assent to Bills.26 112. Annual financial statement.20 113. Procedure in Parliament with respect to es…74 114. Appropriation Bills.25 115. Supplementary, additional or excess grants…20 116. Votes on account, votes of credit and exce…23 117. Special provisions as to financial Bills.16 118. Rules of procedure.25 119. Regulation by law of procedure in Parliame…29 120. Language to be used in Parliament.62 121. Restriction on discussion in Parliament.26 122. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of …31 123. Power of President to promulgate Ordinance…68 124. Establishment and constitution of the Supr…99 124A. National Judicial Appointments Commission.5 124B. Functions of Commission.2 124C. Power of Parliament to make law.2 125. Salaries, etc., of Judges.15 126. Appointment of acting Chief Justice.9 127. Appointment of ad hoc Judges.21 128. Attendance of retired Judges at sittings o…9 129. Supreme Court to be a court of record.112 130. Seat of Supreme Court.12 131. Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court…69 131A. Exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Cour…rep 132. Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Cour…267 133. Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Cour…476 134. Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Cour…247 134A. Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Cour…14 135. Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Cou…29 136. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Cou…3052 137. Review of judgments or orders by the Supre…195 138. Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Sup…23 139. Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers …40 139A. Transfer of certain cases.51 140. Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court.11 141. Law declared by Supreme Court to be bindin…481 142. Enforcement of decrees and orders of the S…1151 143. Power of the President to consult the Supr…114 144. Civil and judicial authorities to act in a…101 144A. [Special provisions as to disposal of ques…4rep 145. Rules of Court, etc.200 146. Officers and servants and the expenses of …34 147. Interpretation.13 148. Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.58 149. Duties and powers of the Comptroller and A…17 150. Form of accounts of the Union and of the S…7 151. Audit reports.11 152. Definition.9 153. Governors of States.11 154. Executive power of State.61 155. Appointment of Governor.14 156. Term of office of Governor.20 157. Qualifications for appointment as Governor…4 158. Conditions of Governor's office.26 159. Oath or affirmation by the Governor.9 160. Discharge of the functions of the Governor…3 161. Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., …91 162. Extent of executive power of State.199 163. Council of Ministers to aid and advise Gov…66 164. Other provisions as to Ministers.48 165. Advocate-General for the State.14 166. Conduct of Business of the Government of a…168 167. Duties of Chief Minister as respects the f…13 168. Constitution of Legislatures in States.36 169. Abolition or creation of Legislative Counc…15 170. Composition of the Legislative Assemblies.17 171. Composition of the Legislative Councils.28 172. Duration of State Legislatures.15 173. Qualification for membership of the State …55 174. Sessions of the State Legislature, proroga…29 175. Right of Governor to address and send mess…16 176. Special address by the Governor.17 177. Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General a…11 178. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legi…16 179. Vacation and resignation of, and removal f…12 180. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other perso…14 181. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to p…37 182. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Le…35 183. Vacation and resignation of, and removal f…19 184. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other pers…2 185. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to…2 186. Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and…5 187. Secretariat of State Legislature.13 188. Oath or affirmation by members.18 189. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act n…8 190. Vacation of seats.23 191. Disqualifications for membership.83 192. Decision on questions as to disqualificati…20 193. Penalty for sitting and voting before maki…10 194. Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of…32 195. Salaries and allowances of members.5 196. Provisions as to introduction and passing …9 197. Restriction on powers of Legislative Counc…12 198. Special procedure in respect of Money Bill…11 199. Definition of “Money Bills”.21 200. Assent to Bills.35 201. Bills reserved for consideration.14 202. Annual financial statement.25 203. Procedure in Legislature with respect to e…13 204. Appropriation Bills.6 205. Supplementary, additional or excess grants…2 206. Votes on account, votes of credit and exce…5 207. Special provisions as to financial Bills.8 208. Rules of procedure.15 209. Regulation by law of procedure in the Legi…8 210. Language to be used in the Legislature.3 211. Restriction on discussion in the Legislatu…12 212. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of …35 213. Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances…64 214. High Courts for States.26 215. High Courts to be courts of record.78 216. Constitution of High Courts.19 217. Appointment and conditions of the office o…94 218. Application of certain provisions relating…17 219. Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Cour…12 220. Restriction on practice after being a perm…7 221. Salaries, etc., of Judges.24 222. Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to…21 223. Appointment of acting Chief Justice.13 224. Appointment of additional and acting Judge…29 224A. Appointment of retired Judges at sittings …7 225. Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.68 226. Power of High Courts to issue certain writ…4659 226A. Constitutional validity of Central laws no…rep 227. Power of superintendence over all courts b…786 228. Transfer of certain cases to High Court.25 228A. Special provisions as to disposal of quest…rep 229. Officers and servants and the expenses of …58 230. Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts t…4 231. Establishment of a common High Court for t…11 232. Interpretation2 233. Appointment of district judges.137 233A. Validation of appointments of, and judgmen…3 234. Recruitment of persons other than district…77 235. Control over subordinate courts.131 236. Interpretation.36 237. Application of the provisions of this Chap…13 239. Administration of Union territories.57 239AA. Special provisions with respect to Delhi.22 239AB. Provision in case of failure of constituti…2 239B. Power of administrator to promulgate Ordin…2 240. Power of President to make regulations for…44 241. High Courts for Union territories.18 242. [Coorg.].3rep 243. Definitions.95 243A. Gram Sabha.2 243B. Constitution of Panchayats.13 243C. Composition of Panchayats.6 243D. Reservation of seats.7 243E. Duration of Panchayats, etc.2 243F. Disqualifications for membership.6 243G. Powers, authority and responsibilities of …10 243H. Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, t…243I. Constitution of Finance Commission to revi…2 243J. Audit of accounts of Panchayats.243K. Elections to the Panchayats.12 243L. Application to Union territories.1 243M. Part not to apply to certain areas.244. Administration of Scheduled Areas and Trib…31 244A. Formation of an autonomous State comprisin…1 245. Extent of laws made by Parliament and by t…211 246. Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament …322 246A. Special provision with respect to goods an…14 247. Power of Parliament to provide for the est…9 248. Residuary powers of legislation.87 249. Power of Parliament to legislate with resp…39 250. Power of Parliament to legislate with resp…22 251. Inconsistency between laws made by Parliam…15 252. Power of Parliament to legislate for two o…66 253. Legislation for giving effect to internati…31 254. Inconsistency between laws made by Parliam…258 255. Requirements as to recommendations and pre…26 256. Obligation of States and the Union.22 257. Control of the Union over States in certai…12 257A. [Assistance to States by deployment of arm…rep 258. Power of the Union to confer powers, etc.,…29 258A. Power of the States to entrust functions t…6 259. Armed Forces in States in Part B of the Fi…1rep 260. Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to t…2 261. Public acts, records and judicial proceedi…20 262. Adjudication of disputes relating to water…31 263. Provisions with respect to an inter-State …4 264. Interpretation.8 265. Taxes not to be imposed save by authority …166 266. Consolidated Funds and public accounts of …29 267. Contingency Fund.8 268. Duties levied by the Union but collected a…19 269. Taxes levied and collected by the Union bu…41 269A. Levy and collection of goods and services …5 270. Taxes levied and distributed between the U…13 271. Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for …7 272. Taxes which are levied and collected by th…3rep 273. Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and …6 274. Prior recommendation of President required…3 275. Grants from the Union to certain States.11 276. Taxes on professions, trades, callings and…35 277. Savings.40 278. [Agreement with States in Part B of the Fi…11rep 279. Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc.7 279A. Goods and Services Tax Council.11 280. Finance Commission.8 281. Recommendations of the Finance Commission.5 282. Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a S…6 283. Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Cont…5 284. Custody of suitors' deposits and other mon…4 285. Exemption of property of the Union from St…41 286. Restrictions as to imposition of tax on th…205 287. Exemption from taxes on electricity.6 288. Exemption from taxation by States in respe…8 289. Exemption of property and income of a Stat…32 290. Adjustment in respect of certain expenses …8 290A. Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds.3 291. [Privy purse sums of Rulers.].27rep 292. Borrowing by the Government of India.6 293. Borrowing by States.7 294. Succession to property, assets, rights, li…23 295. Succession to property, assets, rights, li…13 296. Property accruing by escheat or lapse or a…14 297. Things of value within territorial waters …15 298. Power to carry on trade, etc.70 299. Contracts.74 300. Suits and proceedings.111 300A. Persons not to be deprived of property sav…137 301. Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse…189 302. Power of Parliament to impose restrictions…51 303. Restrictions on the legislative powers of …56 304. Restrictions on trade, commerce and interc…111 305. Saving of existing laws and laws providing…15 306. [Power of certain States in Part B of the …4rep 307. Appointment of authority for carrying out …6 308. Interpretation.9 309. Recruitment and conditions of service of p…805 310. Tenure of office of persons serving the Un…81 311. Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of…596 312. All-India services.30 312A. Power of Parliament to vary or revoke cond…2 313. Transitional provisions.31 314. [Provision for protection of existing offi…13rep 315. Public Service Commissions for the Union a…22 316. Appointment and term of office of members.22 317. Removal and suspension of a member of a Pu…21 318. Power to make regulations as to conditions…9 319. Prohibition as to the holding of offices b…12 320. Functions of Public Service Commissions.106 321. Power to extend functions of Public Servic…2 322. Expenses of Public Service Commissions.3 323. Reports of Public Service Commissions.59 323A. Administrative tribunals.46 323B. Tribunals for other matters.30 324. Superintendence, direction and control of …110 325. No person to be ineligible for inclusion i…23 326. Elections to the House of the People and t…41 327. Power of Parliament to make provision with…59 328. Power of Legislature of a State to make pr…22 329. Bar to interference by courts in electoral…87 330. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes …40 330A. 331. Representation of the Anglo-Indian Communi…12 332. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes …28 332A. Reservation of seats for women in the Legi…333. Representation of the Anglo-Indian communi…11 334. Reservation of seats and special represent…15 334A. Reservation of seats for women take effect…335. Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled T…85 336. Special provision for Anglo-Indian communi…4 337. Special provision with respect to educatio…11 338. National Commission for Scheduled Castes39 338A. National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.11 338B. National Commission for Backward Classes.5 339. Control of the Union over the administrati…3 340. Appointment of a Commission to investigate…22 341. Scheduled Castes.113 342. Scheduled Tribes.71 342A. Socially and educationally backward classe…6 343. Official language of the Union.8 344. Commission and Committee of Parliament on …9 345. Official language or languages of a State.7 346. Official language for communication betwee…5 347. Special provision relating to language spo…1 348. Language to be used in the Supreme Court a…21 349. Special procedure for enactment of certain…4 350. Language to be used in representations for…10 350A. Facilities for instruction in mother-tongu…3 350B. Special Officer for linguistic minorities.4 351. Directive for development of the Hindi lan…13 352. Proclamation of Emergency.64 353. Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.16 354. Application of provisions relating to dist…4 355. Duty of the Union to protect States agains…21 356. Provisions in case of failure of constitut…88 357. Exercise of legislative powers under Procl…18 358. Suspension of provisions of article 19 dur…43 359. Suspension of the enforcement of the right…51 360. Provisions as to financial emergency.17 361. Protection of President and Governors and …29 361A. Protection of publication of proceedings o…2 361B. Disqualification for appointment on remune…1 362. [Rights and privileges of Rulers of Indian…24rep 363. Bar to interference by courts in disputes …46 363A. Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian St…5 364. Special provisions as to major ports and a…3 365. Effect of failure to comply with, or to gi…4 366. Definitions.247 367. Interpretation.66 368. Power of Parliament to amend the Constitut…127 369. Temporary power to Parliament to make laws…15 370. Temporary provisions with respect to the S…36 371. Special provision with respect to the Stat…56 371A. Special provision with respect to the Stat…13 371B. Special provision with respect to the Stat…1 371C. Special provision with respect to the Stat…371D. Special provisions with respect to 4[the S…20 371E. Establishment of Central University in And…4 371F. Special provisions with respect to the Sta…7 371G. Special provision with respect to the Stat…1 371H. Special provision with respect to the Stat…1 371J. Special provisions with respect to State o…372. Continuance in force of existing laws and …172 372A. Power of the President to adapt laws.7 373. Power of President to make order in respec…2 374. Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Cou…15 375. Courts, authorities and officers to contin…4 376. Provisions as to Judges of High Courts.4 377. Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-G…2 378. Provisions as to Public Service Commission…2 378A. Special provision as to duration of Andhra…379. [Provisions as to provisional Parliament a…9rep 380. [Provision as to President.].2rep 381. [Council of Ministers of the President.].1rep 382. [Provisions as to provisional Legislatures…6rep 383. [Provision as to Governors of Provinces.].2rep 384. [Council of Ministers of the Governors.].2rep 385. [Provision as to provisional Legislatures …11rep 386. [Council of Ministers for States in Part B…1rep 387. [Special provision as to determination of …1rep 388. [Provisions as to the filling of casual va…1 389. [Provision as to Bills pending in the Domi…5rep 390. [Money received or raised or expenditure i…2 391. [Power of the President to amend the First…3rep 392. Power of the President to remove difficult…8 393. Short title.1 394. Commencement.11 394A. Authoritative text in the Hindi language.1 395. Repeals.40

Constitution View entire act

52. The President of India.

24 judgments cite this provision SC

There shall be a President of India.

LawDistill · 42,407 Supreme Court judgments · 44,381 provisions · 28 Acts